Four Parts: Hindi (मानक हिन्दी) is the first official language of India, alongside English, and is spoken as a lingua franca across the Indian subcontinent and Indian diaspora. Hindi shares its roots with other Indo-Aryan languages such as Sanskrit, Urdu, and Punjabi, as well as Indo-Iranian and Indo-European languages spanning Tajik to Pashto to Serbo-Croatian to English. Knowing even basic Hindi, whether for heritage, business, or pure curiosity, will allow you to communicate with over 1 billion people on this planet and become immersed in a rich language and culture. Study the Hindi vowels. Hindi has 11 vowels, some of which are indicated by the use of diacritic marks, or symbols added to the letters of an alphabet in order to show different pronunciations. Vowels in Hindi have two forms: one form for when they are used by themselves, and one form for when the vowel is joined to a consonant in a word. • अ a and आ aa • अ does not change the consonant, so if you see a consonant without a modifying symbol, it will have this vowel sound.

• When आ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ा to the end of the consonant (for example, न na becomes ना naa when आ is added to it). • इ i and ई ee • When इ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ि to the left-hand side of the consonant (before the consonant). • When ई is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ी to the right-hand side of the consonant (after the consonant). • उ u and ऊ oo • When उ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ु beneath the consonant. • When ऊ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ू beneath the consonant. • ए e and ऐ ai • When ए is added to a consonant, you add the symbol े above the consonant.

• When ऐ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ै above the consonant. • ओ o and औ au • When ओ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ो to the right-hand side of the consonant (after the consonant). • When औ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ौ to the right-hand side of the consonant (after the consonant).

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• ऋ ri • When ऋ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ृ beneath the consonant. • This vowel isn't very common in Hindi and is only found in Hindi words of Sanskrit origin. • There is also a detailed pronunciation guide for the vowels here:. Study the Hindi consonants. There are 33 consonants in Hindi. They are organized in the alphabet by how you use your mouth and throat to pronounce them.

Because Hindi uses more consonants than English does, some of them have no direct equivalent in English. The (a) next to some consonants indicates that they are pronounced as aspirated (i.e., with a strong breath of air such as p in 'pit' or 'puff').

Distinguish between 'voiced' and 'unvoiced' consonants. Hindi consonants have two basic different ways of pronouncing them: voiced and unvoiced. Reading explanations for these pronunciations may seem a little complicated, but don't worry; once you start trying to practice the sounds, you'll be able to feel the difference between voicing and not voicing.

• Voiced consonants are pronounced by vibrating your vocal cords. Bsa Sportsman Hv Manual Arts here. For example, voiced consonants in English include z in 'zoo' and g in 'good'. • Unvoiced consonants are pronounced without vibrating your vocal cords. For example, unvoiced consonants in English include s in 'snap' and k in 'kitten'. Listen to a recording of the Hindi alphabet and then try to mimic the recording.

The Hindi alphabet may look a little alien to you, especially if you are a native English speaker, but with some practice, you'll be able to understand how to make all the Hindi letter sounds yourself. A video recording of the Hindi alphabet is here:. • Once you have listened to the recording a few times, pause the recording and try to mimic the pronunciation of the speaker. Take your time and work your way slowly through alphabet.

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