Methods We evaluated data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999, a representative prospective cohort of 7738 participants who were in kindergarten in 1998 in the United States. Weight and height were measured seven times between 1998 and 2007. Of the 7738 participants, 6807 were not obese at baseline; these participants were followed for 50,396 person-years. We used standard thresholds from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to define “overweight” and “obese” categories.

We estimated the annual incidence of obesity, the cumulative incidence over 9 years, and the incidence density (cases per person-years) overall and according to sex, socioeconomic status, race or ethnic group, birth weight, and kindergarten weight. Results When the children entered kindergarten (mean age, 5.6 years), 12.4% were obese and another 14.9% were overweight; in eighth grade (mean age, 14.1 years), 20.8% were obese and 17.0% were overweight. The annual incidence of obesity decreased from 5.4% during kindergarten to 1.7% between fifth and eighth grade. Overweight 5-year-olds were four times as likely as normal-weight children to become obese (9-year cumulative incidence, 31.8% vs. Musixmatch Plugin For Poweramp Download Free.

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7.9%), with rates of 91.5 versus 17.2 per 1000 person-years. Among children who became obese between the ages of 5 and 14 years, nearly half had been overweight and 75% had been above the 70th percentile for body-mass index at baseline. Childhood obesity is a major health problem in the United States. The prevalence of a body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) at the 95th percentile or higher among children between the ages of 6 and 11 years increased from 4.2% in 1963–1965 to 15.3% in 1999–2000 and may have plateaued during the first decade of the 21st century.

Although trends in the prevalence of obesity are documented, surprisingly little is known about the incidence of childhood obesity. Examining incidence may provide insights into the nature of the epidemic, the critically vulnerable ages, and the groups at greatest risk for obesity. National data on the incidence of pediatric obesity to date have pertained only to adolescents transitioning to adulthood.

A study that was based on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health showed that the 5-year cumulative incidence of obesity among persons who were 13 to 20 years of age in 1996 and 19 to 26 years of age in 2001 was 12.7%, ranging from 6.5% among Asian girls to 18.4% among non-Hispanic black girls. However, since many of the processes leading to obesity start early in life, data with respect to incidence before adolescence are needed. We report here the incidence of obesity according to data from a large, nationally representative longitudinal study of children who were followed from entry into kindergarten to the end of eighth grade (ages 5 to 14 years); the study included direct anthropometric measurements at seven points between 1998 and 2007. Study Population We analyzed data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999, which was designed and conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) of the Department of Education.

The NCES selected a nationally representative cohort using multistage probability sampling, in which the primary sampling units were counties or groups of counties, the second-stage units were schools within the sampled units, and the third-stage units were students within schools. The study enrolled 21,260 children who were starting kindergarten in the fall semester of 1998 (mean age, 5.6 years) and followed 9358 children through sequential phases of data collection, in 1999 (spring semester of kindergarten; mean age, 6.1 years), 2000 (first grade; mean age, 7.1 years), 2002 (third grade; mean age, 9. Delphi Xe5 Android Serial Port. 1 years), 2004 (fifth grade; mean age, 11.1 years), and 2007 (eighth grade; mean age, 14.1 years). The NCES also collected data from a representative subsample of one third of the children in 1999 (mean age, 6.6 years; fall semester of first grade). With appropriate survey adjustments, this longitudinal sample is representative of all children enrolled in kindergarten in 1998 and 1999 in the United States (approximately 3.8 million children).